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Paharpur is an important archaeological site situated in a village named 'Paharpur' in Naogaon district of northern Bangladesh. Naogaon is mainly plain land but in the middle of it stood a hill covered with jungle. When the jungle was cleared and the hill excavated, there emerged a lofty ruin of an ancient temple. The temple is about 24 metre high from the surrounding level. 'Pahar' means hill. Hence the name Paharpur.
The Paharpur site has been excavated and re-excavated a number of times by archaeologists. Sir Alexander Cunningham, archaeological surveyor of India, visited the place in 1879. He intended to carry out an extensive excavation but was prevented by the land owner. Nevertheless, he was satisfied with whatever excavation he was permitted to carry out. The site was declared to be protected by the Archaeological Survey of India in 1919 under the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904.
Systematic and regular excavation started jointly by the Archaeological Survey of India, and Varendra Research Society of Rajshahi and Calcutta University in 1923. They excavated the south-west corner of the monastery. Next, in 1925-26, historian and archeologist RD Banerjee excavated the northern part of the central mound. From 1926-27 onward, excavation was carried out under the supervision of KN Dikshit.
The Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh brought the site under further excavation after independence. The operations took place in two phases. The first phase was initiated in 1981-82 and continued till 1984-85. The second phase was started in 1988-89 and continued till 1990-91.
Pre-liberation expeditions have revealed the architecture of a vast Buddhist monastery, the Somapura Mahavihara. It is dominated by the central shrine, attracting immediate attention by its lofty height and unusual architectural design.
Somapura Mahavihara was one of the most famous Buddhist institutions for monks of ancient Bengal and Southern Asia. The excavated complex at Paharpur has been identified as Somapura Mahavihara built by the second Pala king Dharmapala (781-821 AD). Some clay seals from the ruins bear the inscription Shri-Somapure-Shri-Dharmapaladeva-Mahavihariyarya -bhiksu-sangghasya.
The Pala rulers were devout Buddhists and they founded a number of monasteries throughout their growing empire. Some of them became great centres of learning and their reputation quickly spread throughout Asia. Somapura Mahavihara's close relationship with the ruling dynasty implied that it shared the political ups and downs of its benefactors.
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Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
Today is haat bar, and Ameen prepares to go there with items to sell. He wears a short-sleeved floral shirt over his (a) _____ Sonabhan notices how much he has grown while walking along the (b) _____ . She realizes that Ameen now resembles his (c) _____ He has a long neck and (d) _____ shoulders, just like his father. For the first time, she sees her son as a (e) _____ .
Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
The text is about a mother giving (a) _____ to her daughter. She teaches tasks like (b)____ clothes and cooking. The mother warns her daughter not to act like a (c) ______ . She also emphasizes proper behaviour in (d) _____ The story shows the impact of (e) _____ roles on women.
Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
Air pollution (a) _____ the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot (b) _____ a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who (c) ______ this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example, smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to (d) _______ his food, to make bricks, burn refuse, melt pitch for road construction and burn wood. All these things produce heavy (e) _____ and this smoke pollutes air.
Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.
The weather suddenly took a (a) ______ turn that afternoon, and dark clouds began to gather. As the author was walking towards his room, he decided to change (b) ______ . to a friend's place. The sound of (c) _____ above made him stop and look up, where he saw a strange funnel cloud (d) _____ from the sky. In a hurry to find shelter, he found a (e) ______ and crouched there as the storm intensified.
Complete the table below with information from the passage.
Nelson Mandela | |||||
| Profession | Politician and President | ||||
| Aim | (i) _____ | ||||
| Who/What | Event | Place | Time | Contribution | Award |
| Nelson Mandela | birth | (ii) ______ | 1918 | ||
| He | (iii) ______ | Robben Island Prison | 1964-1982 | ||
| He | was president | South Africa | (iv) _____ | ||
| He | was awarded | 1993 | guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multiracial democracy | (v) ______ | |
Write a summary of the above passage in your own words.
আপনি আমাকে যেকোনো প্রশ্ন করতে পারেন, যেমনঃ
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